2018年12月6日木曜日

学習環境

解析入門 原書第3版 (S.ラング(著)、松坂 和夫(翻訳)、片山 孝次(翻訳)、岩波書店)の第3部(積分)、第13章(積分の応用)、3(回転体の体積)の練習問題10-(a)、(b)、(c).を取り組んでみる。



    1. π e - x 2 dx = π e - 2 x dx = π - 1 2 e - 2 x

      求める1から B までの部分を x 軸のまわりに回転してできる回転体の体積は、

      - π 2 e - 2 x 1 B = - π 2 e - 2 B - e - 2 = π 2 e - 2 - e - 2 B

      B が大きくなるとき、

      lim B π 2 e - 2 - e - 2 B = π 2 e - 2

      よって極限に近づく。


    2. 1 B π e - 2 x 2 dx = π 1 B e - 4 x dx = π - 1 4 e - 4 x 1 B = - π 4 e - 4 B - e - 4 = π 4 e - 4 - e - 4 B

      極限について。

      lim B π 4 e - 4 - e - 4 B = π 4 e - 4

    3. π x e - x 2 2 dx = π x e - 2 x 2 dx t = x 2 dt dx = 2 x π 1 2 e - 2 t dt = π 2 · - 1 2 e - 2 t = - π 4 e - 2 t x = 1 , t = 1 x = B , t = B 2

      求める曲線を x 軸のまわりに回転してできる回転体の体積は、

      - π 4 e - 2 t 1 B 2 = - π 4 e - 2 B 2 - e - 2 = π 4 e - 2 - e - 2 B 2

      極限について。

      lim B π 4 e - 2 - e - 2 B 2 = π 4 e - 2

コード(Emacs)

Python 3

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from sympy import pprint, symbols, sqrt, exp, pi, plot, Integral, Limit, oo

print('10.')

x, B = symbols('x, B')

fs = [exp(-x), exp(-2 * x), sqrt(x) * exp(-x ** 2)]

for i, f in enumerate(fs):
    print(f'({chr(ord("a") + i)})')
    I = Integral(pi * f ** 2, (x, 1, B))
    l = Limit(I, B, oo)
    for t in [I, I.doit(), l, l.doit()]:
        pprint(t.simplify())
        print()

p = plot(*fs, (x, -2.5, 2.5), ylim=(-5, 5), show=False, legend=True)
colors = ['red', 'green', 'blue']
for i, color in enumerate(colors):
    p[i].line_color = color

p.save('sample10.png')

入出力結果(Terminal, Jupyter(IPython))

$ ./sample9.py
9.
5             
⌠             
⎮ π⋅(x + 1) dx
⌡             
1             

16⋅π

$

HTML5

<div id="graph0"></div>
<pre id="output0"></pre>
<label for="r0">r = </label>
<input id="r0" type="number" min="0" value="1">
<label for="dx">dx = </label>
<input id="dx" type="number" min="0" step="0.001" value="0.005">
<br>
<label for="x1">x1 = </label>
<input id="x1" type="number" value="-10">
<label for="x2">x2 = </label>
 <input id="x2" type="number" value="10">
<br>
<label for="y1">y1 = </label>
<input id="y1" type="number" value="-10">
<label for="y2">y2 = </label>
<input id="y2" type="number" value="10">

<button id="draw0">draw</button>
<button id="clear0">clear</button>

<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/4.2.6/d3.min.js" integrity="sha256-5idA201uSwHAROtCops7codXJ0vja+6wbBrZdQ6ETQc=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

<script src="sample10.js"></script>

JavaScript

let div0 = document.querySelector('#graph0'),
    pre0 = document.querySelector('#output0'),
    width = 600,
    height = 600,
    padding = 50,
    btn0 = document.querySelector('#draw0'),
    btn1 = document.querySelector('#clear0'),
    input_r = document.querySelector('#r0'),
    input_dx = document.querySelector('#dx'),
    input_x1 = document.querySelector('#x1'),
    input_x2 = document.querySelector('#x2'),
    input_y1 = document.querySelector('#y1'),
    input_y2 = document.querySelector('#y2'),
    inputs = [input_r, input_dx, input_x1, input_x2, input_y1, input_y2],
    p = (x) => pre0.textContent += x + '\n';

let fns = [[x => Math.exp(-x), 'red'],
           [x => Math.exp(-2 * x), 'green'],
           [x => Math.sqrt(x) * Math.exp(-(x ** 2)), 'blue']];

let draw = () => {
    pre0.textContent = '';

    let r = parseFloat(input_r.value),
        dx = parseFloat(input_dx.value),
        x1 = parseFloat(input_x1.value),
        x2 = parseFloat(input_x2.value),
        y1 = parseFloat(input_y1.value),
        y2 = parseFloat(input_y2.value);

    if (r === 0 || dx === 0 || x1 > x2 || y1 > y2) {
        return;
    }    
    
    let points = [],
        lines = [[1, y1, 1, y2, 'brown']];

    fns
        .forEach((o) => {
            let [f, color] = o;
            for (let x = x1; x <= x2; x += dx) {
                let y = f(x);

                points.push([x, y, color]);
            }
        });
    
    let xscale = d3.scaleLinear()
        .domain([x1, x2])
        .range([padding, width - padding]);
    let yscale = d3.scaleLinear()
        .domain([y1, y2])
        .range([height - padding, padding]);

    let xaxis = d3.axisBottom().scale(xscale);
    let yaxis = d3.axisLeft().scale(yscale);
    div0.innerHTML = '';
    let svg = d3.select('#graph0')
        .append('svg')
        .attr('width', width)
        .attr('height', height);

    svg.selectAll('line')
        .data([[x1, 0, x2, 0], [0, y1, 0, y2]].concat(lines))
        .enter()
        .append('line')
        .attr('x1', (d) => xscale(d[0]))
        .attr('y1', (d) => yscale(d[1]))
        .attr('x2', (d) => xscale(d[2]))
        .attr('y2', (d) => yscale(d[3]))
        .attr('stroke', (d) => d[4] || 'black');

    svg.selectAll('circle')
        .data(points)
        .enter()
        .append('circle')
        .attr('cx', (d) => xscale(d[0]))
        .attr('cy', (d) => yscale(d[1]))
        .attr('r', r)
        .attr('fill', (d) => d[2] || 'green');

    svg.append('g')
        .attr('transform', `translate(0, ${height - padding})`)
        .call(xaxis);

    svg.append('g')
        .attr('transform', `translate(${padding}, 0)`)
        .call(yaxis);

    [fns].forEach((fs) => p(fs.join('\n')));
};

inputs.forEach((input) => input.onchange = draw);
btn0.onclick = draw;
btn1.onclick = () => pre0.textContent = '';
draw();







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