数学 - Python - JavaScript - エピローグ - 落ち穂拾い、など – “すべて”と“存在” - “すべて”と“存在” - ∀と∃(累乗(べき乗、平方、立方)、指数関数、大小、比較)

数学読本〈6〉

学習環境

• Surface 3 (4G LTE)、Surface 3 タイプ カバー、Surface ペン(端末)
• Windows 10 Pro (OS)
• Nebo(Windows アプリ)
• iPad Pro + Apple Pencil
• MyScript Nebo(iPad アプリ)
• 参考書籍
  • Pythonからはじめる数学入門
  • JavaScriptリファレンス 第6版
  • インタラクティブ・データビジュアライゼーション

数学読本〈6〉線形写像・1次変換/数論へのプレリュード/集合論へのプレリュード/εとδ/落ち穂拾い など(松坂 和夫(著)、岩波書店)の第26章(エピローグ - 落ち穂拾い、など)、26.5(“すべて”と“存在”)、“すべて”と“存在” - ∀と∃、問9.を取り組んでみる。

9. 
   
   1. 
      

      真

      $\begin{array}{}\log 2^x-\log x\\ x\log 2-\log x\\ \log 2-\log 1>0\\ x\log 2-\log x>0\\ 2^x>x\end{array}$
   2. 
      

      真

      $\begin{array}{}x=1\\ 2^1=2>1\end{array}$
   3. 
      

      偽

      $\begin{array}{}\exists \; <!--\; there\; exists\; -->x\left[2^x\le \; <!--\; less-than\; or\; equal\; to\; -->x\right]\\ \neg \; <!--\; latex:\; \backslash neg\; -->\left(\neg \; <!--\; latex:\; \backslash neg\; -->\exists \; <!--\; there\; exists\; -->x\left[2^x\le \; <!--\; less-than\; or\; equal\; to\; -->x\right]\right)\\ \neg \; <!--\; latex:\; \backslash neg\; -->\left(\forall \; <!--\; for\; all\; -->x\left[2^x>x\right]\right)\end{array}$
   4. 
      

      偽

      $\begin{array}{}x=2\\ 2^2=4\\ 2^2=4\end{array}$
   5. 
      

      真

      $\begin{array}{}x=1\\ 2^1=2\\ 1^2=1\end{array}$
   6. 
      

      真

      $\begin{array}{}x=2\\ 2^2=4\\ 2^2=4\end{array}$
   7. 
      

      真

      $\begin{array}{}\log 3^x-\log x^2\\ x\log 3-2\log x>0\\ 3^x>x^2\end{array}$
   8. 
      

      偽

      $\begin{array}{}\log 3^x-\log x^3\\ =x\log 3-3\log x\\ 3\log 3-3\log 3=0\\ 3^3=3^3\end{array}$

コード(Emacs)

Python 3

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from sympy import pprint, symbols, plot
import random

print('9.')
x = symbols('x')
fs = [2 ** x - x,
      2 ** x - x ** 2,
      3 ** x - x ** 2,
      3 ** x - x ** 3]
colors = ['red', 'green', 'blue', 'orange']

p = plot(*fs, (x, 1, 3), legend=True, show=False)
for i, color in enumerate(colors):
    p[i].line_color = color
p.save('sample11.svg')

入出力結果(Terminal, Jupyter(IPython))

$ ./sample11.py
9.
$

HTML5

<div id="graph0"></div>
<pre id="output0"></pre>
<label for="r0">r = </label>
<input id="r0" type="number" min="0" value="1">
<label for="dx">dx = </label>
<input id="dx" type="number" min="0" step="0.001" value="0.001">
<br>
<label for="x1">x1 = </label>
<input id="x1" type="number" value="1">
<label for="x2">x2 = </label>
<input id="x2" type="number" value="4">
<br>
<label for="y1">y1 = </label>
<input id="y1" type="number" value="0">
<label for="y2">y2 = </label>
<input id="y2" type="number" value="50">

<button id="draw0">draw</button>
<button id="clear0">clear</button>

<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/4.2.6/d3.min.js" integrity="sha256-5idA201uSwHAROtCops7codXJ0vja+6wbBrZdQ6ETQc=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

<script src="sample11.js"></script>

JavaScript

let div0 = document.querySelector('#graph0'),
    pre0 = document.querySelector('#output0'),
    width = 600,
    height = 600,
    padding = 50,
    btn0 = document.querySelector('#draw0'),
    btn1 = document.querySelector('#clear0'),
    input_r = document.querySelector('#r0'),
    input_dx = document.querySelector('#dx'),
    input_x1 = document.querySelector('#x1'),
    input_x2 = document.querySelector('#x2'),
    input_y1 = document.querySelector('#y1'),
    input_y2 = document.querySelector('#y2'),
    inputs = [input_r, input_dx, input_x1, input_x2, input_y1, input_y2],
    p = (x) => pre0.textContent += x + '\n';

let fns = [[(x) => 2 ** x, 'red'],
           [(x) => x, 'green'],
           [(x) => x ** 2, 'blue'],
           [(x) => 3 ** x, 'orange'],
           [(x) => x ** 3, 'brown']];
    
let draw = () => {
    pre0.textContent = '';

    let r = parseFloat(input_r.value),
        dx = parseFloat(input_dx.value),
        x1 = parseFloat(input_x1.value),
        x2 = parseFloat(input_x2.value),
        y1 = parseFloat(input_y1.value),
        y2 = parseFloat(input_y2.value);

    if (r === 0 || dx === 0 || x1 > x2 || y1 > y2) {
        return;
    }    

    let points = [],
        lines = [];

    fns
        .forEach((o) => {
            let [f, color] = o;
            for (let x = x1; x <= x2; x += dx) {
                let y = f(x);

                points.push([x, y, color]);
            }
        });
    
    let xscale = d3.scaleLinear()
        .domain([x1, x2])
        .range([padding, width - padding]);
    let yscale = d3.scaleLinear()
        .domain([y1, y2])
        .range([height - padding, padding]);

    let xaxis = d3.axisBottom().scale(xscale);
    let yaxis = d3.axisLeft().scale(yscale);
    div0.innerHTML = '';
    let svg = d3.select('#graph0')
        .append('svg')
        .attr('width', width)
        .attr('height', height);

    svg.selectAll('line')
        .data([[x1, 0, x2, 0], [0, y1, 0, y2]].concat(lines))
        .enter()
        .append('line')
        .attr('x1', (d) => xscale(d[0]))
        .attr('y1', (d) => yscale(d[1]))
        .attr('x2', (d) => xscale(d[2]))
        .attr('y2', (d) => yscale(d[3]))
        .attr('stroke', (d) => d[4] || 'black');

    svg.selectAll('circle')
        .data(points)
        .enter()
        .append('circle')
        .attr('cx', (d) => xscale(d[0]))
        .attr('cy', (d) => yscale(d[1]))
        .attr('r', r)
        .attr('fill', (d) => d[2] || 'green');
    
    svg.append('g')
        .attr('transform', `translate(0, ${height - padding})`)
        .call(xaxis);

    svg.append('g')
        .attr('transform', `translate(${padding}, 0)`)
        .call(yaxis);

    [fns].forEach((fs) => p(fs.join('\n')));
};

inputs.forEach((input) => input.onchange = draw);
btn0.onclick = draw;
btn1.onclick = () => pre0.textContent = '';
draw();

r = dx =
x1 = x2 =
y1 = y2 =