2017年11月28日火曜日

学習環境

線型代数入門(松坂 和夫(著)、岩波書店)の第4章(複素数、複素ベクトル空間)、2(複素平面)、問題3.を取り組んでみる。


  1. α + β 2 + α - β 2 = α + β α - 1 β - + α - β α - β - = α + β α - - 1 β - + α - β α - - β - = α α - + β β - + α - β + α - β + α α - + β β - - α β - - α - β = α 2 + β 2 + α 2 + β 2 = 2 α 2 + β 2

    幾何学的解釈。

    平行四辺形の2つの対角線の2乗の和は、2つの辺の2乗の和の2倍と等しい。

コード(Emacs)

Python 3

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from sympy import pprint, symbols, I

a, b = symbols('a, b', imag=True)

l = abs(a + b) ** 2 + abs(a - b) ** 2
r = 2 * (abs(a) ** 2 + abs(b) ** 2)

for t in [l, r, l.factor() == r.factor()]:
    pprint(t)
    print()

a, b, c, d = symbols('a, b, c, d', real=True)
za = a + b * I
zb = c + d * I

l = abs(za + zb) ** 2 + abs(za - zb) ** 2
r = 2 * (abs(za) ** 2 + abs(zb) ** 2)

for t in [l, r, l == r]:
    pprint(t)
    print()

入出力結果(Terminal, Jupyter(IPython))

$ ./sample3.py
       2          2
│a - b│  + │a + b│ 

     2        2
2⋅│a│  + 2⋅│b│ 

False

   2      2      2      2
2⋅a  + 2⋅b  + 2⋅c  + 2⋅d 

   2      2      2      2
2⋅a  + 2⋅b  + 2⋅c  + 2⋅d 

True

$

HTML5

<div id="graph0"></div>
<pre id="output0"></pre>
<label for="r0">r = </label>
<input id="r0" type="number" min="0" value="0.5">
<label for="dx">dx = </label>
<input id="dx" type="number" min="0" step="0.0001" value="0.001">
<br>
<label for="x1">x1 = </label>
<input id="x1" type="number" value="-10">
<label for="x2">x2 = </label>
<input id="x2" type="number" value="10">
<br>
<label for="y1">y1 = </label>
<input id="y1" type="number" value="-10">
<label for="y2">y2 = </label>
<input id="y2" type="number" value="10">
<br>
<label for="a0">a0 = </label>
<input id="a0" type="number" step="1" value="1">
<label for="b0">b0 = </label>
<input id="b0" type="number" step="1" value="4">
<br>
<label for="c0">c0 = </label>
<input id="c0" type="number" step="1" value="2">
<label for="d0">d0 = </label>
<input id="d0" type="number" step="1" value="3">

<button id="draw0">draw</button>
<button id="clear0">clear</button>

<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/4.2.6/d3.min.js" integrity="sha256-5idA201uSwHAROtCops7codXJ0vja+6wbBrZdQ6ETQc=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

<script src="sample3.js"></script>    

JavaScript

let div0 = document.querySelector('#graph0'),
    pre0 = document.querySelector('#output0'),
    width = 600,
    height = 600,
    padding = 50,
    btn0 = document.querySelector('#draw0'),
    btn1 = document.querySelector('#clear0'),
    input_r = document.querySelector('#r0'),
    input_dx = document.querySelector('#dx'),
    input_x1 = document.querySelector('#x1'),
    input_x2 = document.querySelector('#x2'),
    input_y1 = document.querySelector('#y1'),
    input_y2 = document.querySelector('#y2'),
    input_a0 = document.querySelector('#a0'),
    input_b0 = document.querySelector('#b0'),
    input_c0 = document.querySelector('#c0'),
    input_d0 = document.querySelector('#d0'),
    inputs = [input_r, input_dx, input_x1, input_x2, input_y1, input_y2,
              input_a0, input_b0, input_c0, input_d0],
    p = (x) => pre0.textContent += x + '\n',
    range = (start, end, step=1) => {
        let res = [];
        for (let i = start; i < end; i += step) {
            res.push(i);
        }
        return res;
    };

let fx = (a, x, y) => x * Math.cos(a) - y * Math.sin(a),
    fy = (a, x, y) => x * Math.sin(a) + y * Math.cos(a);

let draw = () => {
    pre0.textContent = '';

    let r = parseFloat(input_r.value),
        dx = parseFloat(input_dx.value),
        x1 = parseFloat(input_x1.value),
        x2 = parseFloat(input_x2.value),
        y1 = parseFloat(input_y1.value),
        y2 = parseFloat(input_y2.value),
        a0 = parseFloat(input_a0.value),
        b0 = parseFloat(input_b0.value),
        c0 = parseFloat(input_c0.value),
        d0 = parseFloat(input_d0.value);
        

    if (r === 0 || dx === 0 || x1 > x2 || y1 > y2) {
        return;
    }    

    let points = [],
        lines = [[0, 0, a0, b0, 'red'],
                 [0, 0, c0, d0, 'green'],
                 [0, 0, a0 + c0, b0 + d0, 'blue']],
        fns = [],
        fns1 = [],
        fns2 = [];

    fns
        .forEach((o) => {
            let [f, color] = o;
            for (let x = x1; x <= x2; x += dx) {
                let y = f(x);

                points.push([x, y, color]);
            }
        });
    
    fns2
        .forEach((o) => {
            let [f, color] = o;

            for (let x = x1; x <= x2; x += dx0) {
                let g = f(x);
                lines.push([x1, g(x1), x2, g(x2), color]);
            }
        });
    
    let xscale = d3.scaleLinear()
        .domain([x1, x2])
        .range([padding, width - padding]);
    let yscale = d3.scaleLinear()
        .domain([y1, y2])
        .range([height - padding, padding]);

    let xaxis = d3.axisBottom().scale(xscale);
    let yaxis = d3.axisLeft().scale(yscale);
    div0.innerHTML = '';
    let svg = d3.select('#graph0')
        .append('svg')
        .attr('width', width)
        .attr('height', height);

    svg.selectAll('line')
        .data([[x1, 0, x2, 0], [0, y1, 0, y2]].concat(lines))
        .enter()
        .append('line')
        .attr('x1', (d) => xscale(d[0]))
        .attr('y1', (d) => yscale(d[1]))
        .attr('x2', (d) => xscale(d[2]))
        .attr('y2', (d) => yscale(d[3]))
        .attr('stroke', (d) => d[4] || 'black');

    svg.selectAll('circle')
        .data(points)
        .enter()
        .append('circle')
        .attr('cx', (d) => xscale(d[0]))
        .attr('cy', (d) => yscale(d[1]))
        .attr('r', r)
        .attr('fill', (d) => d[2] || 'green');

    svg.append('g')
        .attr('transform', `translate(0, ${height - padding})`)
        .call(xaxis);

    svg.append('g')
        .attr('transform', `translate(${padding}, 0)`)
        .call(yaxis);

    [fns, fns1, fns2].forEach((fs) => p(fs.join('\n')));
};

inputs.forEach((input) => input.onchange = draw);
btn0.onclick = draw;
btn1.onclick = () => pre0.textContent = '';
draw();









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